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Sergey Pshenichnikov, Tatiana Sotnikova
ALGEBRA OF MUSICAL TEXT
Sergey Pshenichnikov, Tatiana Sotnikova
Trio Sapiens
Musical text can be represented using matrix units, like the description of verbal texts and other symbolic sequences. In the future, mathematical recognition, and creation of musical sense with substantive justification for intermediate calculations (as opposed to AI) may become possible.
Sound has four properties: pitch, duration, volume, and timbre. Timbre is not considered yet. The dictionary of the algebra of musical texts is built on the basis of musical notation for the piano.
The duration here, for the sake of brevity of the first presentation, is considered as «absolute». «Relative» is not considered, although intervals are very well studied, and their features will be needed to categorize composers.
The complexity of the musical text for the application of mathematics is explained by the desire to simplify the reading of musical notes by musicians and to minimize the use of lower and upper additional lines.
To apply text algebra to musical symbolic sequences there is no need to use a five-line staff. What is useful and familiar to musicians is «unbearably harmful» for the use of algebra. It seems advisable to use a one-line staff. In this case, the musical text becomes like the verbal text.
To solve the problem, you need to find a transformation of the canonical musical text into a «thread». And as always, for a new application of algebra, correct coordination of the subject area is necessary. In this case, each used musical notation and symbol of modern musical notation must be assigned its own serial number (natural number).
Instead of a sign, you can use the names of each note symbol - then it will be a verbal notation of musical texts written in one line «thread»).
Since the musical scale is completely represented by piano keys, the first section in height of the dictionary of musical texts consists of 88 numbered white and black keys (of which 52 are white). This eliminates the need for an octave division of the scale, octave transfer signs, keys, five alteration signs (key and random), diatonic and chromatic semitones.
All notes of the scale became fundamental in algebraic musical notation. There is an order of magnitude more of them of them than the main stages of Guido Aretinsky, but the alteration signs and names of octaves disappeared, the use of which made musical texts algebraically incompatible with verbal texts. Numbers from 1 to 88 in algebraic notation constitute a fragment of the pitch dictionary for the «thread» one-line staff.
Numbering (coordination) of notes is needed to become in the future indices of mathematical objects (matrix units), which will replace the signs of notes or their names. These matrix units are binary generalizations of integers (hyperbinary numbers). The operation of division with remainder is defined for them, as for integers. The operation will allow you to divide musical texts and their f
Sergey Pshenichnikov
Sign sequences (for example, verbal and musical texts) can be turned into mathematical objects. Words and numbers have become one entity, a representation of a matrix unit, which is a matrix generalization of integers and a hypercomplex number. A matrix unit is a matrix in which one element is equal to unit, and the rest are zeros.
If the words of the text are represented by such matrices, then concatenation (combination while maintaining order) of words and texts becomes an operation of adding matrices.
You can perform transformations with texts using algebraic operations, for example, dividing one text by another with a remainder. Mathematically recognize the sense of text and calculate the context of words. In this case, algebra helps to interpret all the intermediate stages of calculations.
A person sees and hears only what he understands (J.W. Goethe). Understands what he attaches sense to as significant for him. Sense is subjective and depends on the interests, motivations, and feelings of different people.
L. S. Vygotsky distinguished between the concepts of «sense» and «meaning»: «if the «meaning» of a word is an objective reflection of a system of connections and relationships, then « sense» is the introduction of subjective aspects of meaning according to a given moment and situation».
According to G. Frege, «meaning» are properties, relationships of objects, «sense» is only part of these properties. In this case, both “meanings” and «sense» are called one «sign», for example a word. Two people can choose from a list of meanings for one word two non-overlapping fragments (two senses) to interpret it.
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The first meetups of the Portable SystemVerilog Examples group at Hacker Dojo in Mountain View, California were a kind of brainstorming sessions. We discussed the electronic industry, the essence of modern chip design, and the challenges of educating new design engineers. Then we moved to a new mode of action. We started weekly meetings of the core R&D team with the goal to prepare educational materials for the events for a larger audience. The meetings are generally held on Sundays from 11 pm to 2 pm. If you cannot come to Mountain View, you can join online.
We are focusing on interview-level microarchitectural and CPU design examples, providing FPGA vendor-neutral infrastructure and compatibility with open-source ASIC design tools.
Hello Habr! My name is Nikita Letov. I am a tech lead of backend development in remote banking services for individuals (or retail department) of Rosbank. In this article I will describe what a point of entry to an app is, when it becomes vital, and how API Gateway can help you. We'll review a traditional blocking pattern based on Netflix Zuul 1.x gateway with all its problems of using, then reactive Spring Cloud Gateway and difficulties of moving to it. Finally, we'll compare these two approaches.
В аэропортах продают подушки для сна сидя в полете. Надувные и обычные. Надувные удобнее носить и возить, но они долго не живут. А обычные по размеру как ручная кладь в Победе.
Если вам нравятся надувные, то полезно знать, что в полете давление в самолете на 25 процентов меньше чем на земле.
Поэтому если надуть подушку нормально еще до взлета, то она при наборе высоты будет раздуваться пока швы не разойдутся.
Надо ее или сдувать по мере взлета или надувать уже на высоте.
А не надувным подушкам высота не страшна.
Простое крепление проводов в контроллерах idiBus. Без кабельных каналов. Дешево и сердито.
Выходящие провода крепятся хомутами прямо к плате через отверстия по краю платы.
Или есть специальные хомуты, которые вставляются в эти отверстия.
Принимаются предложения и идеи по всяким полезным видам крепления проводов.
The second meetup of the Portable SystemVerilog Examples group on January 21 2024 at Hacker Dojo in Mountain View, California, went as planned: we moved from the stage of presenting the project to the self-introductions of the participants and the initial tutorial with the first examples. We also started distributing the tasks. The next meetup is tentatively scheduled for January 28 at the same location, from 2 pm to 5 pm. The contents of the meeting will be to work on the examples: basics-graphics-music and systemverilog-homework.
Hey there, Habr! My name is Alexey Kolesnikov. I am a Malware Detection Specialist at the Positive Technologies Expert Security Center (PT ESC). I recently spoke at the AVAR 2023 international conference in Dubai, where I covered new plugins developed by PT ESC for an open-source dynamic malware analysis system named DRAKVUF and demonstrated how they can be used to detect current Linux threats in sandbox for protection against targeted and mass attacks PT Sandbox.
Read on for a brief overview of popular malware monitoring tools for Linux, a description of how our plugins work in DRAKVUF, and a malware analysis that relies on these plugins.
They might sound complicated, but they are actually a fundamental part of the language. In this article, we’ll explore closures in a straightforward and practical way. Let’s clear up common misunderstandings. Walk through real-world examples. Nail those tricky interview questions about closures. By the end, you’ll see closures not as a hurdle, but as a valuable part of your JavaScript toolkit.
In the evolving landscape of database technology, choosing the right database management system is crucial for the efficiency and scalability of applications. This article presents a detailed comparison of the performance between Microsoft's CosmosDB and MS SQL Server. We'll examine how each database performs under various load conditions and share some interesting findings.
The meetup on January 14 at Hacker Dojo in Mountain View, California, went well, although not as planned - we spent almost all the time talking instead of doing hands-on exercises. The room we booked can fit 30 people and approximately 30 people did show up. The quality of participants was high: approximately half were familiar with hardware description languages and another half came from various software topics. 12 people filled out the questionnaire despite the fact that I forgot to bring 30 pens.
The discussion during and after the presentation was focused and very meaningful: microarchitecture and education, EDA infrastructure / build scripts, open-source ASIC design tools, the economics of ASIC design and manufacturing, high-level synthesis, transaction-level modeling, ASIC prototyping using FPGA boards, FPGA embedded in ASIC (Menta), new FPGA manufacturers (Gowin) and new design languages - Chisel and SpinalHDL.
Four persons came to me after the meeting to discuss their participation in working on open-source portable SystemVerilog examples, and another seven expressed this intention in the questionnaire. So we are meeting again in Hacker Dojo on Sunday, January 21, at 2 PM, this time not in the classroom area, but in the common shared area.
Generally, I am thinking of having regular meetings, probably on a weekly basis for a small team of developers of the educational materials and on a monthly basis for a wider audience, discussing various design and verification topics.
There were two correspondents of Slavic Sacramento who recorded the video of the presentation. They are going to make it available soon.
The November commitfest is ripe with new interesting features! Without further ado, let's proceed with the review.
If you missed our July and September commitfest reviews, you can check them out here: 2023-07, 2023-09.
ON LOGIN trigger
Event triggers for REINDEX
ALTER OPERATOR: commutator, negator, hashes, merges
pg_dump --filter=dump.txt
psql: displaying default privileges
pg_stat_statements: track statement entry timestamps and reset min/max statistics
pg_stat_checkpointer: checkpointer process statistics
pg_stats: statistics for range type columns
Planner: exclusion of unnecessary table self-joins
Planner: materialized CTE statistics
Planner: accessing a table with multiple clauses
Index range scan optimization
dblink, postgres_fdw: detailed wait events
Logical replication: migration of replication slots during publisher upgrade
Replication slot use log
Unicode: new information functions
New function: xmltext
AT LOCAL support
Infinite intervals
ALTER SYSTEM with unrecognized custom parameters
Building the server from source
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